Substance abuse Essay Example for Free

Substance abuse Essay Substance abuse is the manner in which the use of a specific drug is used that is outside the specified usage. For instance drug abuse, drug addiction and chemical dependency all point to the same i. e. abuse. Hence the use of drugs or chemicals outside the specifications prescribed by the doctor or the norms followed in society is all a definition for substance abuse. When someone uses drugs or chemicals in a manner that is not prescribed by the doctor, then, there are symptoms that mostly follow the use. They mostly vary depending on the substance used. The common types of a person who has an abuse on any substance are:†¢ There is significant impairment or distress in the person that will always show in a period of about 12 months; †¢ There is physical hazard to the user where for instance the person is supposed to operate machines; †¢ There is also failure to be able to perform specific tasks like at school or at work hence poor output that is one cannot fully concentrate. †¢ The person might also become an enemy to the law hence display oneself in a conduct that is not impressive to the society; †¢ Lack of control to the emotions or cannot be one who keeps good relationship with close family or friend; †¢ Alcohol causes sedation and relief of anxiety when used in high consumptions there is slurred speech, ataxia, impaired judgment, and disinherited behavior. The person in picture here being an actress in the SHERRYBABY has been portrayed as being a nuisance to the public and also to the workmates. This seen so because she has been in prison due to the use of heroin. In specific acts in her movie, she tries to also show the steps that any addict of any illegal substance might be able to follow. For instance in one of the movies she follows the track where an addict does i.e. her ability is totally shuttered when she portrays where she drops of a hat, she makes Sherry Swanson turn from sexual to vulnerable, violent to passive, indifferent to invested, self-assured to insecure. Through it all, she is endearing enough to win over even the most ignorant viewers the kind who shields their eyes when in real-life Sherry’s pass them on the street. Chronic alcohol consumption profoundly affects the function of several vital organs, particularly the liver and the nervous, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems. Ethanol has direct toxicity. In addition, since it is a very weak drug that requires concentrations, thousands of times higher than other misused drugs (e. g. , cocaine, opiates, and amphetamines) to produce its intoxicating effects, it is often consumed in quantities large enough to qualify it as a food. Consumption of large amounts of alcohol increases the mortality rate of any consumer, though light to moderate drinkers have a chance of having between changing the habit or also increasing the chances too (Linda A.Mooney, David Knox, Caroline Schacht, 2005). Deaths linked to alcohol use are caused by the cancerous diseases, liver failure suicidal wishes and accidents when driving and the use of machines. In most cases, the drunken take this alcohol with an aim of forgetting their problems, some take alcohol to raise their sexual urge and ability to work. However, according to research, excessive abuse of alcohol does not help one to forget his or her own problems. This is a fact that most drug abuse victims do not have an idea about. In the Sherry Baby movie, this is clearly brought about when Sherry Swanson turn from sexual to vulnerable, violent to passive, indifferent to invested, self-assured to insecure. There are so many effects of the use of illegal substances but the following are the effects that are encountered by the user. They are: 1. Tolerance and physical dependence -The consumption of alcohol in high doses over a long period results in tolerance and in physical and psychological dependence. That is, the victim is not in a position to make independent decisions or handle a situation on his own. 2. Neurotoxicity- Consumption of large amounts of alcohol over extended periods (usually years) can also lead to neurological deficits. That is, some body functions will not take place normally. 3. Cardiovascular System: Alcohol alters the cardiovascular system in many ways. Heavy alcohol consumption of long duration is associated with a dilated cardiomyopathy with ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis. 4. Blood: Alcohol indirectly affects hematopoiesis through metabolic and nutritional effects and may also directly inhibit the proliferation of all cellular elements in bone marrow. The most common hematological disorder seen in chronic drinkers is mild anemia resulting from alcohol-related folic acid deficiency. 5. Endocrine System and Electrolyte Balance: Chronic alcohol use has important effects on the endocrine system and on mineral and fluid and electrolyte balance. 6. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Chronic maternal alcohol abuse during pregnancy is associated with important teratogenic effects on the offspring. Therefore, pregnant mothers are not allowed to consume this substance. 7. Immune System: Alcoholics have a higher than normal rate of infection and are especially prone to respiratory infections such as pneumonia and tuberculosis. This is the reason why most of the cough during cold seasons. 8. Increased Risk of Cancer: Chronic alcohol use increases the risk for cancer of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and liver. Reference Thomson Wadsworth (2006) Understanding Social Problems; Wadsworth Publishing. Page 161-186.

Process of Human Resource Planning

Process of Human Resource Planning Executive Summary Human Resource Planning is the process of determining future employee needs and deciding steps or strategies to achieve those needs for the purpose of accomplishing organizational goals and objectives. It is a Human Resource Management function that focuses on providing the organization with an adequate manpower. Main objective of Human Resource Planning is to ensure that the business having the right people at the right place at the right time doing the right work. Human Resource Planning enable the management of the company to determine future employee needs, to utilize human resource more efficiently and effectively, to control employment cost, to develop high talent employees and to formulate and successfully implement strategies. HRP or the work-force planning is a one of the most impactful aspects of the todays business. Human Resource Planning is an on-going process rather than a process limited to one stand-pint and then implemented. It in the broadest sense included both the strategic and operational human resources of the organization. It is a strategically driven HRM function that leads the company to acquire competitive advantages. Human resource gain competitive advantages by gaining cost economics, by operating productively, efficiently and effectively and by changing operations and acquiring new enterprises. This report begins with discussing the matter of Human Resource Planning applying to a selected organisation. It will be discussed the considerations regarding the employment and the employees such as the legal and organizational framework, organizational environment, grievance, discipline and dismissal processes. Question O1: Understand how the HR plan supports the strategic objectives 1.1 Assessing the strategic importance of current, future and anticipated HR requirements The human resource is the most important resource a business has. Very often whether the corporate sets the future plans for other functions and for the other resources it is neglected to predict the future of the work-force. Further sometimes the enterprise identifies the importance of the quantitative factor of the resource but ignore the qualitative factors. Sometimes the organizations are very critical with human resource factor and the development of skills and new talents are very significant for such companies. If the manager of these companies fail to identify what skills the company needs, how much of them need, and fail to secure the appropriate supply then the capacity of the organization to fulfill the business requirements will be rare. Therefore it is crucial to every business to have a HR plan to meet and future workforce requirements in the both ways of quantity and quality. When planning the human resource several aspects are to be looked at and several questions have to be answered. These aspects and the questions themselves emphasize the strategic importance of HRP. The first one is determining the number of employees to be employed at a new place. The organization may have engaged too many staff so that there exists a surplus or underutilized workforce. If the number of employees is less that actual requirement then the organization will fail to meet the production requirements and there by fail to meet the market demand. Accordingly, it is very clear that the company will fail in front of the competition of the market. The questions that would have to be answered are, How can the output be improved? Understand the interrelation between productivity, technological changes and the existing workforce. What are the techniques can be used to set the work force requirements? Have more flexible work organization been considered? How to acquire the necessary staff? The second is how to retain your highly skilled staff. This is very important in the competitive environment. The skilled employees who contribute with distinct talents may leave the company on the grounds that the current company does not pay them satisfactorily when it so clear that such payment is very fair. Company may lose the capacity to meet the goals and will fail with the rival companies with lower human talents. Further to the losses arising from the competitive markets the company will have to incur higher costs of payments for the employees who left the company, and the costs of recruitment, induction and training of novel staff. Hence the questions will have to be answered are, How to monitor the extent of resignations? What are the reasons for turnover? What are the costs for the organization? How the turnovers of the company vary with the other companies of the industry? The third one would be how to manage a downsizing program effectively? This is critical. Managers have to cut off some of his staff painlessly while protecting long-term interests. HRP will help managers by considering; What sort of workforce envisage at the end of the exercise? How the nature and extent of wastage will change? Whether the use of retraining, redeployment and transfers would work out? What are appropriate recruitment levels? The fourth aspect we have to consider is from where you find the necessary skills and number of employees? If you do not have a clear idea you will face short-term skills and manpower shortage. The questions would have to be addressed are; Whether current career system of the organization supports the future requirements? What are the characteristics of those who currently occupy senior positions? What is the organizations future supply of talents? Then the answers to these questions can be compared with the future requirements in the number and the type. Internal structural changes and the external business environmental changes will affect the sources of future supply of skills and persons. Moreover it is important to note that the inconsistencies between culture and the strategies will severely damage the company sustainability. The organization must build up a pool of work-force who is match with the organizations culture. Hence it is important to plan the number, skills and sources from where you acquire future needs of human resource to recruit right people. HRP is highly interdependent with all aspects of the business. It is affected by the all other sections strategies and future directions. Therefore the scope and objectives of the HRP must be thoroughly understood to acquire sustainable competitive advantages. Any HR strategy must be coping with the corporate and business level strategies. HRP must be done in the companys strategic planning process so that a definition for expansion of the future needs will be strategically developed. 1.2 Analyse how HR planning impacts on the strategic plan The HR planning is develop to identification and ensure the staffs, particular job related skills and talents, training and development, retention of staff, recruitments, selection processes and etc. The strategic plan give the future needs and trend of the staff to the particular departments, required talents, recruitments, training and development needs of staff. Therefore the practice of HR functions which depends on HR planning and developments depends on the strategic plan which established by the top management of the organization. HR planning uses the inputs as information from the strategic plans. So HR planning influences the existence of mission and goals of the organizational strategic planning process. The organizational quality and level of standard about goods and services is depending on the quality work of staff of the organization. Therefore the standard of strategic decisions will reflect through the profitability and growth of the HR planning taken by the organization. Question O2: Understand the legal and organizational frameworks for the employment of staff 2.1 Evaluate the current legal requirements influencing a HR plan The government regulations, tax purposes, employee rules and regulations, social security purposes will influence the HR planning of the organization. The economic conditions like economic booms and recessions of the country will make different legal and ethical conditions in the country. Therefore the legal requirements of the organizational framework will influence the recruitment and selection of new employees. Therefore the unemployment rates, interest rates and etc will make legal requirements for the organizational HR conditions. These will affect to the HR planning for training and development of staff of the organization. 2.2 Describe a process for recruitment and selection of new staff (external candidates) that complies with current legislation and organization requirements The recruitment of the staff depends on the needs and requirements of the position of the organization. The recruited people must be able to perform current and the intended requirements of the organization. Through the advertising and recruiting agencies the recruitment information can be publish. For some jobs cannot be done by the womens. In that positions should be restrict to the mens, so the recruitment must be done according to these legislations. In the legislation the womens have time constraints of working time and hours. The selection process carried out through the people who have recruited to the organization through different resources. The interviews, CV screening, identifying skills and talents will help for better selection of new staff to the organization. The discriminations cannot be done on race, color, nationality and region when the selection process. The men and women must be paid in same amount for the same work force and etc in the organization. Question O3: Understand the effect of the organizational environment on staff 3.1 Discuss how organizational culture affects recruitment and retention of staff The recruitment process will reflect the organizational culture and the staff is fit for that culture then the staffs will exist more time in the organization. The organizational culture affected to the job analysis, job description, recruitment, selections and etc. The organizational limitations are can be also affect to the organizational culture. The employee retention will benefit to the organization as well as to the employee. Therefore the employee should have better understanding about the organization and will be able to adapt to that environment easily. Employee retention is key element to the organizational existence. On the other hand high labour turnover is a cost, leads to more turnover, loss of organizational knowledge, harm to the image and the goodwill of the organization, inefficiencies of the work in the organization. 3.2 Assess work life balance issues and the changing patterns of work practices The employee stress on the work force of the organisation highly affected to the life. The lot of overtime is done by some of the employees will lead to some absentee sums on staff sickness. So such problems will affect to the work life and home life problems and issues. To eliminate these problems the government have establish employee rules and regulations. The changing patterns of the work practice are very hard to capture by some employees of the organisation. Therefore the change agents must be able to identify the situation and the positions of the organisational workforce and change according to the clear concepts and conditions. The changes must be discussed with the employees before. The organisation should be considerable to provide the quality and slandered service to the customers. There are seasonal fluctuations of customers in the different time period of the year. Therefore the changing patterns of the work practice will need in such situations. Question O4: Understand the grievance, discipline and dismissal process 4.1 Identify the process to be followed in a grievance situation The grievance situation occurs when an employee has a problem with the employer. In such a situation the three steps are taken place, the written statement, a meeting and an appeal meeting. The written statement must be accepted by the employee the person who has the problem. Then it will pass to the human resource manager to his consideration. In the disciplinary meeting the particular employee or a work representative will participate. In this meeting discussed about the actions happened and in details about the problem and come to the agreement about the facts of the problem. And come up to a situation to an arrival of solution. If the employee is not satisfied about the problem then the employee can appeal the problem. This meeting is also same as the above meeting but the employee will represent the disagreement to the solution of the organization. 4.2 Describe the stages of a discipline issue that results in dismissal The absentee sums, poor work performance, neglecting of duty, threats, frauds, offensive behavior, harassments, inappropriate behavior, misconduct, repeat minor behavior and etc. are the main discipline issues. The written document about the unacceptable discipline and discussed about in the meeting by the representation of the particular employee or a work representative. Then after the meeting or before the deadlines the employee is allowed to appeal. If it is not agreed then the employee can appeal in the employee tribunal about the disciplinary action. Some times the disciplinary issues results in a dismissals. The lots of the dismissals are not fair. The unaware of the rules and regulations of the organization, didnt give much chance for the employee to tell about his own side about the issues, does not give equal chance to each employee and etc. are lead to dismissals in so many cases. 4.3 Explain the role of ACAS, Employment Tribunals and other external agencies that could be involved in grievance, discipline and dismissal processes The ACAS is involving in grievance, discipline and dismissal processes. In the ACAS code of practice the disciplinary procedure must be in written statement, provides the actions to be taken place and resolving, ACAS tells the responsible authority to take actions about the discipline, explain the employees about the basic rules and regulations of the organization, explain the organization to, the employees must not be dismissed to the first breach of discipline and given rights to the employee to explain the situations and ides about the discipline.

Injustice and the Importance of Being a Man in A Lesson Before Dying Es

Injustice and the Importance of Being a Man in A Lesson Before Dying      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Justitia, the goddess of justice, is portrayed with a blindfold holding scales and a sword, but she, in applying her scales and sword, has never been colorblind in the U. S. 1[1] Ernest J. Gaines accuses the legal injustice against the black population through an innocent convict, Jefferson's death in A Lesson Before Dying.   However, Gaines penetrates the fact that the legal injustice is rather a result than a cause.   Behind the unfair legal system, a huge matrix of the cultural injustice, which always already presumes the colored people as criminals, does exist.   Gaines, thus, puts more stress on Jefferson's transformation from a "hog" to a man.   Unbinding himself from the humiliating self-notion, a cultural construction in a white ruling society, and establishing his own humanity, Jefferson exemplifies the potentiality of black empowerment against the prevalent racial injustices.2[2]      Gaines's insight and craftsmanship, which channel the legal injustice into the cultural frame, make the novel an outstanding masterpiece of the century.   First, Jefferson's case provides a great example of the injustice in the American legal system in the antebellum society.   Since "white" America did not count the black population as her citizens, the law was totally on the dominant white people's side.3[3]   Jefferson's trial is just an official gesture or ritual.   No matter what happens during the trial, Jefferson is doomed to death.   The legal system operates just as a means of vengeance.   If a white man is killed, a black man has to die for him.   One of the most striking things about Jefferson's trial is the fact that, even before the conviction, every... ...n justice.   Grant's criticism against the decision making process of the date illuminates the hypocrisy of America as a Christian country.   Nevertheless, Jefferson is described as a Christ-like figure.   On Gaines's skepticism about Christianity, see Critical Reflections on the Fiction of Ernest J. Gaines, David C. Estes ed. (Athens, GA: University of Georgia P, 1994), 77-84 and 257-59.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   6[6]   Herman Beavers, Wrestling Angels into Song: The Fictions of Ernest J. Gaines and James Alan McPherson (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania P, 1995), 174.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   7[7] On the relation between the "white" law and cultural discourse that justifies the racism within legal system, Grant says, "They play by the rules their forefathers created hundreds of years ago.   Their forefathers said that we're only three-fifths human - and they believe it to this day" (192).   

Comparing the Theme of Nature with Works from Dicknson Whitman and Emer

Comparing the Theme of Nature with Works from Dicknson Whitman and Emerson Ralph Waldo Emerson once stated that â€Å"the first in time and the first in importance of the influences upon the mind is that of nature.† Nature in all its forms parallels with life, death, and the soul. Whether the sunshines or the rain falls, whether a flower blooms or willows, nature will always recreate itself and remain a mystery to mankind. To become one with nature, one must explore oneself and know that the simplicity found in it is both divine and perfect. The theme of nature plays a mayor role throughout Whitman, Dickinson, and Emerson’s writings. Each poet conveys his or her view of nature in a unique and symbolic way by searching for the individual or discovering one-self, and coming to terms with death. Emerson deals with nature in the form of discovering one’s self. His message is one of non-conformity and individuality. He feels that every man is unique within, and thinks that society and tradition are man’s downfalls. In The American Scholar, Emerson explains that â€Å"nature is the ...

Essay --

According to Niccolo Machiavelli’s, The Prince, there are five traits that make up a successful leader. The five traits that are necessary in determining a leader’s success involve being feared, being virtuous, having the support of the people, having intelligence and the use of arms. In this paper, I will argue that the Duke Vincentio of William Shakespeare’s, Measure for Measure, is an ineffective leader because he loses virtue acting deceitful and spying on his subjects as a friar. Also, when he realizes that his people do not fear him, he allows for Angelo to come so that he can win their respect by becoming the better option of the two. It is portrayed by his constant presence in the play as the friar, that instead of earning the support of his people, he treats them as puppets and himself as the master puppeteer. The people do not fear the Duke so he tries to win them over another way; he selfishly puts Angelo in power, knowing that Angelo’s faults will make the Duke look like a better leader. The duke is a soft ruler and cannot bring himself to punish his people when they commit a crime. When his loses the respect and fear of his people, he puts Angelo in charge of the people, knowing that he may not be fit for the task. The duke may have saw putting Angelo in power and dressing as a friar as a way to establish law and order in Vienna but still being the merciful leader he is known as. When the Duke asks Lord Angelo to take over, Angelo refuses and says that his skill must be tested some other way first. The Duke responds by saying: My haste may not admit it; Not need you, on mine honour, have to do With any scruple: your scope is as mine own, So to enforce or qualify the laws As to your soul seems good. Give me you... ...e is going to tell next to deceive his power. Throughout his presence in the play as the friar, the Duke is never recognized as his true self. This portrays an intelligent man, experienced in the art of scheming and lying. Niccolo Machiavelli would classify the Duke as an ineffective ruler because he fails to uphold virtue when constantly deceives his subjects. The duke may be intelligent in his scheming ways, but this is the only on of Machiavelli’s five traits that the Duke portrays throughout the play. His people does not fear the Duke Vincentio as Machiavelli believes a good leader should be and he tries to steal the respect of his people by putting a harsh ruler into power. His huge role in the play both as his role as the friar and the Duke, shows that instead of earning the support of his people, he treats them as puppets and himself as the master puppeteer.

Dentex Corporation Case Essay

The problems and issues mentioned in the case Dentex Corporation are: 1. Issue related to corporate social responsibility 2. Issue related to promotional deceiving 3. Issue related to equal opportunity in workplace 4. Issue related to employee responsibility 5. Issue related to bribery 1. Issue related to corporate social responsibility One of the major issues mentioned in the case is about corporate social responsibility. Dentex Corporation came up with the styling new line of car, Rento. It was considered as a rushed project, thus they skipped preliminary survey. The design was dominated by style different from the other Japanese and European cars, which lead to the placement of fuel tank behind the rear axle (Dentex Corporation, PDF document). The crush test results showed that Rento was less crush resistant and according to Harley Strop, an engineer involved in the crush test mentioned that Rento needed modification before launching (Dentex Corporation, PDF document). The Dentex’s Product Planning Committee and the Vice President, Rodford approved the design and launched it without any modification. According to moral minimum approach which states that businesses are obliged to maximize profit not by causing harm but it is not constrained by the duty  to prevent harm (Corporate social responsibility, Power Point Slides). Though Rodford was informed about the failed test and required modifications, he did not take any initiatives because he did not want to increase costs, as they were competing against the inexpensive European and Japanese cars. Their main target was to be cost effective and maximize profit and they are not causing any harm directly by launching this design. On the other hand, the moral responsibility includes causing harm, enabling harm, allowing harm, providing an opportunity for harm or failing to prevent harm (Corporate social responsibility, Power Point Slides). Here, launching this accident prone car is definitely providing an opportunity for the drivers to get harm, undertaking the modifications would prevent the risk of harm, but the company refused to do so. This is an example of ignorance by the company which resulted the death of Mrs. Ray and serious injury of Richard. Considering the utilitarian analysis the audience who will be affected are the customers, employees and management of the company, local community members and the company itself. The impact of this decision on the customers is very dangerous, they might be victims of accidents like Mrs. Ray and her son. The result is serious injury, trauma or death. In case of customers, their life is in risk. The local community members, who will be driving around the defaulted car might be victims of accidents too. Whereas the company itself will be impacted by losing reputation due to the unsafe car, they might lose profit because of lost sales and lastly they might lose money in lawsuits against the accidents. The employees and the management of the company might lose motivation to work in the company, because of the unethical act of the company by being responsible of launching a defaulted car. Due to the loss in sales and profit, the employees might get reduced benefits. The only pro avoiding modification of Rento from the utilitarian perspective is that the company will make short term profit. The cons can be the risk of customer death or injury, other community members being victim of accidents and in the long term the company will lose reputation and profit and loss of money due to lawsuit payments. The result of the utilitarian analysis states that this is wrong. Here the risk is losing life which has no substitute, whereas profits can be made later or through other  sources. Considering the rule utilitarian perspective, if all car companies adapted these unsafe measures people will no longer feel safe in buying cars and driving them along with their children. The deontological ethics states that there are things that we must do as a matter of principle regardless of consequences (Moral standards, PowerPoint Slides). Here the Vice President, Rodford had to act on the best interest of the company in making profit and surviving the competition against European and Japanese cars. Therefore he ignored the fact of putting people in risk of accidents. The positive right test assists the wellbeing of the company and its employee by making sales and profit. Whereas the negative right test overrides the wellbeing of the customers and the community members with the risk of death. Again since life is irreplaceable and profit can substituted by other means, the action of the company is wrong from the deontological view too. The policy that Dentex Corporation should follow is strict rules and regulation for the Product Planning Committee regarding product safety. There should be more awareness raised among the employees and management regarding the ethical responsibility towards the customers and society as a whole. 2. Issue related to promotional deceiving Another issue mentioned in the case is the deceptive advertising. Since the image of Rento was hampered because of the accidents, Dentex decided to develop a manipulative marketing strategy. Their strategy included targeting the young male crowd between the ages of 16 to 24, who can be influenced easily. The experimental researched and focus groups showed that this targeted group is the risk takers thus they created an ad saying â€Å"The Little Carefree Carâ€Å" (Dentex Corporation, PDF document). This is manipulation of individual’s decision through psychological appeal which exploits instincts, personal motivator, conformity, anxieties and low self-esteem to guide behaviour (Marketing-promotion and placement, Power Point Slides). Their strategy also included targeting older consumers who care about safety by  endorsing the Rento by authority figures. These ads included actors as mechanics and engineers to endorse the Rento by giving it a thumps up and trusting their children with the car ((Dentex Corporation, PDF document). This act is considered as deception of consumers because consumers tends to be convinced by the ad and buy the unsafe car that they would not have bought otherwise. The utilitarian analysis shows that the affected audience are the company employees and the customers. Through the manipulative advertising the employees will be able to reach their marketing and sales target that will be beneficial for the profitability of the company. Whereas the targeted customer who are manipulated spend their money on the Rento, they bear the risk of accidents and like Mrs. Ray and her son, they suffer from injury and death. The company is solely responsible for this kind of advertising and the consequences. The pros of this act will be the company sales and profit whereas the cons will be the risk of young crowd driving the accident prone car. Thus from the utilitarian perspective the deceiving promotional activities are wrong because of the harmful consequences. The consequence here is about human lives, as mentioned above they cannot be substituted whereas profits can be substituted. Autonomy is about making rational choice that is undue pressure and manipulation where the choice results from emotional insecurity and social pressure (Marketing-promotion and placement, Power Point Slides). According to the deontological ethics point of view the act violates autonomy by manipulating through psychological appeal. In case of the positive right test, the ads assist the company’s marketing department to reach its promotional goals and lead the company to more profit and sales. Whereas in the negative right test, the ads assist in interfering the freedom of choice through manipulation making them choose the car that is a threat to their lives. Thus due to the risk of life, the promotional deceiving is considered as wrong from deontological perspective. The management should be well aware of the Canadian Code of Advertising Standards those exist and manage the company accordingly to avoid lawsuits.  The standards that imply are Accuracy and Clarity, Testimonial and Ads to Minors (Marketing-promotion and placement, Power Point Slides) 3. Issue related to equal opportunity Diane Ross, an enthusiastic and hardworking employee of Dentex Corporation made her way up to the important management ranks. She was assigned for a management position of Rento in Mexico, where she had to work under James Carr (The Dentex Corporation, PDF document). The issue here is in front of the Mexican clients James addressed Diane as â€Å"cute little assistant† and â€Å"our lady manager†, whereas her responsibility was more than what was shown to them. As a result she was bypassed for important matters related to authority (The Dentex Corporation, PDF document). James’s reaction to this matter was that Mexican clients don’t understand women at authority thus he portrays her to be inferior in front of Mexican clients only. This violates her legal rights, which are rights that are granted to employees by law or judicial ruling (Employee Right, Power Point Slides). It infringes her right of equal opportunity because she is not able to maintain her responsibility and authority that she is entitled to as per her position. On a different perspective this is also violating her moral rights, which are the rights that originate in respect owned to employees as human beings and that are independent of any legal or contractual obligation (Employee Right, Power Point Slides). This infringes her right to fair treatment as an employee because she is just there to show the clients that there is a lady assistant, she is being treated inferiorly. Considering the utilitarian analysis, the audience of this action are Diane and other female employees of the company. Since Diane is unfairly treated, she will lose her motivation to work for the best interest of the company. She will be stressed during work since there is disturbance in role of authority. She will feel powerless and as a result she might lose self-respect. The consequence for the other female employees might be losing motivation since they are seeing Diane fail despite her ability and hard work. Therefore the pros of this action is James maintaining an image of  having a female employee in front of the Mexican clients and the cons is Diane losing motivation and getting worse at her work performance. As a result of the analysis this is considered wrong because it violates her moral rights and effects in deteriorating her ability. The deontological ethical perspective shows that the action violates Diane’s autonomy by interfering in her work. The negative right test assist in Diane losing her productivity and performance, thus proving the action to be wrong. The management of the company should be aware of the employee rights to avoid affirmative actions, which refers to policies that take positive steps to alleviate unequal treatment (Discriminations and harassment, Power Point Slides). The company should have information session for executives and management for ensuring fair treatment of employees. 4. Issue related to employee responsibility Harley Strop, the engineer in charge of the crush test figured that the prototypes do not pass the fuel system integrity safety. When prototypes were struck from behind at 20/mph, the vehicle could not resist that and there was a fuel spillage. At one test, the fuel came to the driver’s compartment due to lack of separation (The Dentex Corporation, PDF Document). Harley mentioned these problems in the test reports and mentioned about the modifications but still the Rento got approved by the Product Planning Committee. The broader stakeholder view states that employees has relationship and responsibilities towards other parties as well rather than only their employers. The other parties’ in this case is the society, coworkers, professional community and also mainly the customers (Employee responsibility, Power Point Slides). Harley being the engineer (gatekeeper), felt responsible for the defaulted car and informed the Vice President about this matter. As gatekeeper’s lack of expertise puts the public in vulnerable state, they have duty and responsibility to use their professional knowledge for the betterment of the public (Employee responsibility, Power Point Slides). In view of the utilitarian analysis, the affected audience are the employee (Harley), the customers, the society and the company. Here the engineer, Harley will be demotivated because his professional justifications are overlooked. His skills are being questioned, making him feel like his work is of no value to the company. Also considering his fiduciary duty to the customers, he might feel responsible for risks that the car owners are bearing, though he is powerless in front of the vice president. The customers on the other hand are bearing the risk of accidents affecting them with injury or death like Mrs. Ray and her son. The society as a whole will be losing trust on engineers and car manufacturers because they are not providing them with safety. Lastly the company will be hampering its image and reputation and might be losing customers. Therefore the pros of this action will be the short term sales and profit but the cons will be employee demotivation, might result in employee turnover and also threat of accident for the customers. As a result of the utilitarian analysis, the act of ignoring Harley’s observation is wrong because of the dangerous consequence. Here the risk is the safety of public, their life is in danger, which is irreplaceable compared to the company’s profit. According to the deontological analysis the vice president is maintaining his duty and obligation towards the company of maximizing profit, regardless of the consequences. On the other hand, the employee’s autonomy was violated because his accurate report was ignored and not valued. As per the deontological argument managerial employees have expertise on their specific field, such as the engineer which the employer lacks, such as the Vice President. Since the employer’s property depends on the employees, the employees have obligation to look after the interest of the employers (Employee responsibility, Power Point Slide). Therefore Harley was doing the right thing by letting the Vice President know about the flaws, because he is obliged to work for the best interest of the company, its image and performance. The management should have strict regulations for maintaining safety practise. The Product Planning committee should not be able to approve any project which does not meet the minimum safety requirements. Since  gatekeeper build the trust among the company and the customers, their values and judgements should not be overlooked by any under skilled third party. 5. Issue related to Bribery This issue is related to giving and receiving gift considered as â€Å"bribery†. The Rento line had a high demand in Mexico, thus dealers and franchises competed and used unfair means to do business. These gifts ranges from Mercedes Benz to Rolex watch and cash payments of thousand dollars. When Diane was faced with this problem, she was told that it was an accepted way of doing business in Mexico (The Dentex Corporation, PDF Documents). The utilitarian analysis shows that the affected audience are Diane, the Mexican dealers, the executive in Mexico and the company. Through this from of gifts the dealers get the benefit of being favored and do more business with the company resulting in gaining profit. The executives of the company are receiving expensive gifts and money which result in higher living standard and motivation for better performance. The company overall is meeting its objective of sales and profit. Whereas Diane is not being comfortable adapting the work culture in Mexico. She is being demotivated and performance is being worse. One of the pro of the gift giving culture is that the executives get motivation to work and their living standard improves. The business is gaining profit and the dealers are getting business. The only con is that Diane’s work performance is deteriorating due to lack of adaptation in the new work culture. As a result of the utilitarian analysis the bribery is causing good to the maximum number of people and just troubling Diane only, so this is not wrong. If Rule utilitarian view is considered, the consequence of adapting this culture in Mexico might hamper its future business because they are being biased to the dealers who provide gifts, rather than using fairs means of trade. The deontological ethical analysis show that receiving the gifts is not a duty or obligation for the executives. Also it is not overriding anyone’s autonomy. The positive right test assist in better living standard for the executives and also assist the Mexican dealers to do more business. The  negative right test only affects Diane’s performance. Therefore, from the deontological perspective this action is right. As per policy changes, the company should not relocated employees to locations with different work ethics. Here Diane should not have been sent to Mexico, since the work culture is different from America. As a result what she thinks is wrong might be right in Mexican work culture. The company should more focus on recruiting for management positions from local areas rather than overseas. Citations Petrenko. A. Corporate social responsibility [Power Point Slides]. Retrieved from Lecture Notes Online Web site: https://moodle.yorku.ca/moodle/course/view.php?id=39261 Petrenko. A. Discrimination and Harassment [Power Point Slides]. Retrieved from Lecture Notes Online Web site: https://moodle.yorku.ca/moodle/course/view.php?id=39261 Petrenko. A. Employee responsibility [Power Point Slides]. Retrieved from Lecture Notes Online Web site: https://moodle.yorku.ca/moodle/course/view.php?id=39261 Petrenko. A. Employee rights [Power Point Slides]. Retrieved from Lecture Notes Online Web site: https://moodle.yorku.ca/moodle/course/view.php?id=39261 Petrenko. A. Marketing (promotion and placement) [Power Point Slides]. Retrieved from Lecture Notes Online Web site: https://moodle.yorku.ca/moodle/course/view.php?id=39261 Petrenko. A. Moral Standards [Power Point Slides]. Retrieved from Lecture Notes Online Web site: https://moodle.yorku.ca/moodle/course/view.php?id=39261 Petrenko. A. The Dentex Corporation [PDF Document]. Retrieved from Lecture Notes Online Web site: https://moodle.yorku.ca/moodle/course/view.php?id=39261

God’s Long Summer

God’s Long Summer The novel Siddhartha and God’s Long Summer both show commonalities of religion as being an important part in the main characters of both books. In God’s Long Summer, each of the main individual characters in the first four chapters like the character Siddhartha, all were consistent with the statement, â€Å"What we believe matters. † All of the characters from both books used religion for giving them the strength to speak their minds, move on in their lives, and fight for what they believed in or wanted to accomplish.Also, in this book there is the statement of, â€Å"What we believe affects out vocation in relation to culture† and this pertains to the religious ideas and people’s courses of action through their faith and experiences they have went through. A person’s background determines his or her perspective on faith, so this shows how everyone is different. The statement, â€Å"What we believe matters† is the first point that sticks out to me. It is portrayed in the novel Siddhartha multiple times when Siddhartha goes through his different phases of being the son of a Braham, to living with the Samanas, to finally living on his own.He needed to try out different paths, so he would be about to find his own enlightenment or meaning of life. He would not feel whole as a person or have peace, until he found a path that caused him to experience enlightenment. The characters in God’s Long Summer were the same way. Fannie Lou Hamer, Sam Bowers, Douglas Hudgins, and Ed King all were fighting for something, and did not want to give up until they were successful. An example of this is when Mrs. Hamer was being beat in the county jail after trying to vote. Even after being beat, Hamer still used God as her guide to influence other people.She never backed down, but instead was comforted by God and instilled her faith for strength and acted in what she believed. Hamer was different than Si ddhartha though, because she was out to change the world, and he was more focused on himself. The second important point that I found relevant of my understanding of the people and issues in God’s Long Summer was the way the characters in the books went about accomplishing their goals and got past obstacles they were faced with. Hamer was a selfless person who used God as her strength to change things. She puts herself out there, just as Siddhartha had when he lost himself.Siddhartha had to lose himself to accomplish his goal of enlightenment. Hamer knew that if she wanted to win the fight for her voting rights that she would have to have others band together too, by using biblical stories and freedom songs to sell her cause. She believed that others like herself could be empowered by God and if whites and blacks could both believe in such a high power, and then they can believe and get along when they are on the Earth. To accomplish Hamer’s goal, she needed to improve the world, and Siddhartha wanted to escape the world to reach his goal.Sam Bowers and Siddhartha are also examples of obstacles being thrown their way. Bowers hit rock bottom just like Siddhartha did after almost killing himself by the river. In the book, God’s Long Summer written by Charles Marsh, Marsh provides input in his first statement in the book pertaining to, â€Å"What we believe affects our vocation in relation to culture. † This whole idea is explaining how everyone has there a different way of thinking about a higher power and Marsh wants people to be able to explore and accept the different types of faith.In the book these varieties of faith cause blacks and whites to have disagreements on issues such as the civil rights movement. The first four chapters of the book support the illustration of what Marsh’s claim and task was. Hamer can see that the people who are discriminating against African American’s have a much different perspective on faith than she does. Bowers looks at his faith in a different way as Hamer because he doesn’t even believe that Jesus can be a Jew because if he were then he would be a part of the inner racial mix, which he was completely against. Ed King and Douglas Hudgins were also different from each other.King had been accused of straying beyond proper bounds of the Christian faith, and Hudgins had been accused of narrowing the bounds of Christianity. Hudgins was all about the understanding of Christianity through the cultural environment, while King thought you had to be prophetic and take action even if it was through just words. I believe that Fannie Lou Hamer is the best example of what Marsh is attempting to demonstrate about the various perspectives of faith. The example that comes to mind when explaining this is when Hamer was in the county jail and was talking to the jailor’s wife about faith and religion.Hamer used the verses from the Bible to go against the jailor†™s wife and her own feelings and ideas on faith. Hamer can see that the jailor’s wife thinks she is a Christian believer, but has a different way of acting as one of God’s children. Another example I found in the first chapter about Hamer was when she was in a disagreement with her pastor. She scolded him for not being willing to adopt her stance on the subject. This shows how you think someone who is interacting with your same faith, but when it comes down to it and his or her own lived experience, people react differently.I also found an example in Hamer’s chapter when Lyndon Johnson was running for office and he tried to tamp things down and shut up Hamer. Johnson was even supposed to be a civil rights activist and a believer in faith, but because of his the experience that he was having at the present time in his life, he was not able to be consistent with his beliefs. He said and acted, as he wanted, just so he could get elected into office. Fannie Lou Ha mer’s vocation is using God as her guide to influence other people. She feels like God appointed her, and this gives her a sense of closeness to him. She uses God as her strength to change things.Her goal is to improve the world, and help African American’s have an equal chance in the world as everyone else. Hamer is dedicated and relied on her faith for everything. The church and Christianity is a way for people to come together. Hamer feels that if both whites and blacks can believe in such a high power then they can believe and get along when they are on Earth. A contemporary social issue in which people use religion in opposing ways to support their views would be the topic of abortion. There are many similarities and differences between the issue of abortion and the civil rights issue detailed in Marsh’s book.Some similarities between the two issues are that people have very strong opinions on the issues and there are people out there that are fighting for one side or the other on the topics. People are having meetings on abortions talking about why it should be legal or not, and in the case of the civil rights movements there were meetings happening all the time like the meeting with the Credentials Committee in God’s Long Summer. There are also politicians out there like Lyndon Johnson who claim they are all for an issue such as the civil rights movement, but when it comes down to it they may have some restrictions about the issue.Johnson really did not want to have African American’s voting and having these kinds of rights because he didn’t want to make the larger population of people out there getting mad at him, so he could be elected into office. A difference between the two issues is the way people fight for what they want. During the civil rights movement many white people would go as far as abusing or killing blacks, so they could keep them as the lower class that is not as important. I have not heard abo ut people who are for or against abortion going to the extent of killing to get their way or point across.A person’s vocation usually shapes the way they think or feel about an issue. The issue of abortion means different things to different people because of their vocation. If a person feels that they have been put on this Earth to protect people and think that everyone should have an equal chance for living, then they are more likely to be against abortion. I am a Christian, and have been brought up by my parents to believe that everyone should be treated equally and can make their own choices. This means that I am not against abortions, and feel that it is the woman’s choice to make the decision.Reading Siddhartha and God’s Long Summer has brought a lot of insight to my beliefs in religion. I am more aware of other people’s feelings and the reasons for why they believe in what they do. Beliefs are formed from a person’s past experience. I also l earned how God or a person’s faith can play such a big role in being someone’s strength to fight as hard as they can in what the believe in, even when the greater population feels the complete opposite on an issue. Like in Siddhartha, everyone has different paths, and deciding on the right path is up to the person taking it.