Corrupt Government Lies In 1984 And The Crucible - 1496 Words

All governments lie. It is the duty of the individual to uncover the truth. George Orwell and Arthur Miller warn the readers of the dangers when a corrupt government lies to their citizens to preserve their power in their texts, 1984 and The Crucible. Through their characters, the authors portray the conflict between the State’s propensity to lie and the individual’s desire for truth. Orwell depicts Winston Smith fighting against the â€Å"lies† of the party through the use of literary techniques such as symbolism and imagery, while Miller shows John Proctor fighting for truth through his interactions and dialogue with the other characters. In the modern day, the authors provide crucial commentary on the dangers of tyrannical rule. The actions†¦show more content†¦He is depicted as stubborn, as shown in his response when Giles Corey provides evidence that proves his wife’s innocence. Danforth responds by saying â€Å"Do you take it upon yourself to determine what this court shall believe†¦? This is the highest court†¦in this province, do you know it?† His refusal to hear evidence that is likely to contradict his guilty verdict indicates that ultimately, Danforth considers himself the final judge of what is right and wrong, reflecting the corruption inherent in Salem’s authority. The authors thus provide valuable insight into the signs and motivations of a corrupt government. The authors of 1984 and The Crucible show the use of fabricated fear of the other by the respective states in order to unite the people in their common fear, strengthening the position of the State. Often the State creates a false enemy for the citizens to rally against. Such is the case of the party in 1984. Orwell writes that the book by Emmanuel Goldstein, Theory and practice of Oligarchical Collectivism, was fabricated by the party. Orwell does not specifically clarify the existence of Goldstein, although he implies that Goldstein is not alive. The party uses the fabricated existence of the Goldstein and the brotherhood to rally the collective anger of the citizens through the Two Minutes Hate. The Two Minutes Hate was used to direct the population’s frustration from leading a life with a lack of control over their circumstances away from the party andShow MoreRelatedIntroduction : How ve He Do That?10829 Words   |  44 Pages(Foster Pg.8) Similarly in the other hand, if the dinner or meal turns out ugly, has a bad outcome, or doesn’t happen at all then that ‘failed’ meal stands as a bad sign. For example, in the film â€Å"Taken† by Pierre Morel, Bryan Mills is a former government operative who’s trying to reconnect with his daughter, Kim after not spending enough time with her because of his work. So while trying to reconnect Kim and accepts the lunch with her. He wants to spend time with her and bond but all Kim wants isRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesnew visions for potential followers. That rationalization and charisma should embody Webers view of social change is somewhat paradoxical and may lead to the accusation that Weber is somewhat contradictory. The source of the alleged contradiction lies in the fact that Weber claims that charisma is irrational and anti- rational, the opposite of rationalization or rationality.18 However, Weber is well aware of the potential contradiction and points out in what sense each is revolutionary. The revolutionary Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesusually was judged and measured by the depth and capability and hard-asset credentials of the company’s management. That, of course, remains critically important. However, American companies whose performance most readily slipped in the economic crucible at the beginning of the twenty-first century (and whose recovery was among the slowest) seemed to rate highest in hard-asset terms compared with the many companies with a higher mix of soft-asset management strength, whose results were far betterRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPower Distance and Innovation 420 An Ethical Choice Should All Sexual Behavior Be Prohibited at Work? 423 Myth or Science? â€Å"Co rporate Political Activity Pays† 428 Self-Assessment Library How Good Am I at Playing Politics? 430 Point/Counterpoint Power Corrupts People 436 Questions for Review 437 Experiential Exercise Understanding Power Dynamics 437 Ethical Dilemma Corporate Spying 438 Case Incident 1 Delegate Power, or Keep It Close? 438 Case Incident 2 The Persuasion Imperative 439 xvi CONTENTS

Music, The Orchestra, And The Romantic Symphony - 973 Words

Since the beginning of the semester, I have learned three concepts about music in western civilization. The 3 concepts I have learned is elements of music, the orchestra, and the romantic symphony. Theses concept are very interesting to me because I don’t have any type of musical background and I got the chance to learn about how music really started. There are many elements I learn when it comes to making an orchestra and composing a music program. An orchestra is a group of musicians that come together to make background music for a TV show or movie. During the class, I learn that they also provide concerts, ballets, and opera to the public. According to English online.at â€Å"The word orchestra was first used by the ancient Greeks and meant the front part of a stage. During the Middle Ages, it also included the musicians on the stage.† The orchestra has a lot of history that goes back to the late 6th and early 7th century. The orchestra group was organized by th e kings and queens of Italian and French churches. They used string instruments to perform at dance parties, ballet, and operas. This is fascinating that the orchestra music goes back as far as the late 6th century. I could see how Beethoven, Smetana, Tchaikovsky and among other have made amazing orchestral music and how they were influenced by it. When the orchestra is playing it could have 10 or more instruments. During class, I learn that when we talk about the orchestra it usually means a symphony orchestra. AShow MoreRelatedOrchestra Concert Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesThe music played throughout all of the concerts adhered to be diverse. The instruments, the individuals performing, and the conductor all proved to be outstanding. The concerts proved to be interesting as I witnessed them, first hand. The first concert I attended was performed by the Dallas Symphony Orchestra. The orchestra had performed Shostakovich’s â€Å"Symphony NO. 7, Leningrad† from the Romantic era. The orchestra was a large ensemble (1) containing various instruments that contributed to theRead MoreDevelopment Of Symphonies And Their Composers1346 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopment of Symphonies and Their Composers Early eighteenth century the term â€Å"symphony† was applied to the instrumental preludes and postludes of vocal pieces such as arias and songs. By derivation the word means simply â€Å"a music ensemble†. Today, we apply the term to a much larger composition such as an orchestra (typically in three or four movements). The symphony can also be defined as a sonata for orchestra. Symphonies of the earlier era, the classical era, were mostly simpler, and followedRead MoreRecording With The Slovak Radio Symphony1337 Words   |  6 Pages The first thing I searched on the MUN library website. I then went to the MRC page and opened the Naxos Music Library. I then searched for Dvorà  k New World Symphony. I chose the recording with the Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra. Finding a video source using the MUN library catalogue I had no luck. So I searched online on youtube and found some great results. Various orchestras such as the Vienna Philharmonic and the Munich Phil harmonic were there with the full performance and conductor SergiuRead MoreEssay on The Nutcracker: a Concert Review883 Words   |  4 PagesConcert Review: The Richmond Symphony Orchestra featuring The Richmond Ballet Amber Hisaw Regent University – Music 101 On the evening of Sunday, December 16, 2012, I had the pleasure of attending a concert I’d wanted to see for quite a while. I was delighted to attend Tchaikovsky’s The Nutcracker, performed by the Richmond Symphony Orchestra and the Richmond Ballet. The performance took place at Carpenter Theatre in Richmond Virginia. As I entered I felt a bit out of place. I’d never attendedRead MoreLudwig Van Beethoven s Influence On The Classical Era938 Words   |  4 Pagesthe most influential musician of all time, Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany in 1770. Beethoven’s talent was noticed at a young age and he soon became a pioneer in the world of music for breaking the traditional bounds of style and form. Over the course of his life, Beethoven produced nine symphonies, seven concertos, and a total of forty-two sonatas. Although these numbers are few when compared to other composers such as Joseph Haydn, his work was very substantial. Ludwig van Beethoven ’sRead MoreReview of The Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, conducted by Bernard Haitink in 2009 The Symphony No.600 Words   |  3 PagesRoyal Concertgebouw Orchestra, conducted by Bernard Haitink in 2009 The Symphony No. 6 in F major, Op. 68 was composed by Beethoven and was completed in 1808. It is also referred to as â€Å"Pastoral Symphony.† In 2009, Bernard Haitink conducted the performance of the symphony by the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra. From Haitink’s concert on Beethoven’s sixth symphony, I was expecting to see the original work of composer. The symphony has qualities of both the classical and romantic periods and illustratesRead MoreClassical And Romantic Eras Of Music1268 Words   |  6 Pagesthe changes in the environment in which the music evolves from. Both the Classical and Romantic eras of music offer influential aspects of music. In order for significant and noticeable changes to occur in music, the society surrounding it must also change. Significant social and political movements often bring on these stylistic changes in music. These changes can range from the way personality is expressed in music to the actual orchestration of the music. Without these changes though, culture wouldRead MoreSymphony Orchestra Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesDewey Music 1306 Concert Critique #1 I have never been personally a fan of the romantic orchestra music but going to listen to a concert live is breathtaking. I attended the Fayetteville Symphony Orchestra, Masterpieces concert with music director Fouad Fakhouri performing Igor Stravinsky’s Symphony of Psalms and Gustav Mahler’s Symphony No.1 in D major. There was a full stage of musicians and a complete choir to back it up. The first half of the performance was a complete orchestra of woodwindsRead MoreAnalysis of Mendelssohn’s Italian Symphony1023 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Felix Mendelssohn was one of the most famous composers during the 19th century. Although in his music he did show some features of romanticism, he was strongly influenced by traditional genres such as counterpoint etc. In this essay, the biography of the composer, background of the genre and analysis of the piece will be investigated Biographical Sketch of Mendelssohn Mendelssohn was born in Hamburg in 1809. His father Abraham Mendelssohn was a banker, while his mum Lea MendelssohnRead MoreConcert Report Mozart Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pages15 January 2011 Concert Report: Mozart Symphony No. 40 The western classical concert that I have chosen to review is A Tale of Two Symphonies. This concert is performed in the Avery Fisher hall within the Lincoln Center in New York City. It was performed on July 29, 2008. The orchestra that is performing is the 42nd Mostly Mozart Orchestra. The conductor is Louis Langrà ©e. The two pieces being performed in this concert is Mozarts Symphony No. 40 and Mahler’s Das Lied von der Erde.

Effects of Computer Technology as a Teaching Method Free Essays

string(25) " at the 50th percentile\." Effects of Using Instructional Technology in Colleges and Universities: What Controlled Evaluation Studies Say. This report and related issue briefs are available at:    © 2003 SRI International Early studies of effectiveness By 1991, this author’s research team at Michigan had carried out meta-analyses of findings from 121 controlled studies of teaching in colleges and universities (J. Kulik et al. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Computer Technology as a Teaching Method or any similar topic only for you Order Now , 1980; C. Kulik Kulik, 1986; C. Kulik Kulik, 1991). The studies contained results from a variety of computer applications in a number of different disciplines. Among the 121 studies were a substantial number on computer tutorials and computer simulations in science. The results from these early studies provide a good standard for gauging recent contributions of tutorials and simulations to science teaching, and are therefore reviewed here. Listed in the 1986 and 1991 reviews were achievement effect sizes from 37 studies of computer tutoring in college courses. Results of these studies favored the computer-tutored students by a small amount. In 26 of the 37 studies, the tutorial group outperformed the control group; in the remaining 11 studies, the control group scores were higher. The effect sizes in the 37 studies were between –1. 20 and 1. 25. The median effect size was 0. 15. This effect is not large enough to be considered educationally meaningful. It suggests that computer-tutored students would perform at the 56th percentile on relevant achievement tests, whereas conventionally taught students would performat the 50th percentile. Results of computer tutoring in science courses were similar to results in nonscience areas. These reviews also contained findings from 13 studies of computer simulations in science. Results of these studies were favorable to the groups that worked with the computer simulations. In 11 of the 13 studies, the simulation group outperformed the control group, but in the remaining studies, the control group outscored the simulation group. The effect sizes in the 13 studies were between –0. 14 and 1. 27. The median effect size was 0. 25. Effect sizes of 0. 25 and over are usually considered to be educationally meaningful. By this standard, the effects of computer simulations are just large enough to be judged as educationally meaningful. An effect size of 0. 25 suggests that students who worked with simulations would perform at the 60percentile on relevant achievement tests, whereas conventionally taught students would perform at the 50th percentile. You read "Effects of Computer Technology as a Teaching Method" in category "Essay examples" Computer tutoring Seven studies of computer tutorials from the 1990s were identified for this literature review. The studies examined two kinds of instructional outcomes: student achievement and student attitudes (Table 7). Effects of computer tutorials on both outcomes were mixed. Large or moderate positive effects. The effects of computer tutoring were large and positive in two studies (Kitz Thorpe, 1995; Vitale Romance, 1992). Both of these studies examined effectiveness of videodisc software from Systems Impact Corporation. Conclusion It is clear that computers can contribute substantially to the improvement of college teaching. Evaluation studies of the past decade usually found that college courses taught with computer help were more effective than similar courses taught without such help. These recent studies produced far more favorable results than did studies of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. In 119 studies carried out between 1967 and 1986, the median effect of instructional technology was to raise scores on examinations by 0. 30 standard deviations (C. Kulik Kulik, 1986, 1991). In the 46 more recent studies reviewed in this report, the average effect of instructional technology was to raise student scores by 0. 46 standard deviations. Both gains are large enough to be considered educationally meaningful, but a gain of 0. 46 standard deviations on achievement tests is clearly a more important gain. There were clues in the earlier reviews that computer applications were becoming increasingly effective as the years rolled on, but early reviewers did not chart the change in evaluation results over time (e. g. , C. Kulik Kulik, 1986, 1991). Now, the time trend is impossible to ignore. Analysis of results in the earlier reviews shows that the median effect size was –0. 13 in 5 evaluation studies of instructional technology published during the 1960s, 0. 22 in 85 studies published during the 1970s, and 0. 35 in 35 studies published during the 1980s. This review found a median effect size of 0. 46 in 46 studies published during the 1990s. In other words, computer-based teaching was as likely to shortchange college students as to help them in the early years of the computer revolution, but today’s students are likely to gain substantial educational benefits when their teachers incorporate instructional technology into their courses. The effectiveness of computer applications in college courses is not restricted to a single area. This review shows that computers have made significant contributions to a variety of instructional areas. Computer contributions were clear in mathematics courses, where computers are being used as algebra and calculus tools; in science courses, where older computer applications such as tutoring and simulation programs are being used along with such newer applications as computer animations; and in the field of language learning, where a diversity of computer approaches are now being tried. Of all the results reviewed in this report, the most notable came from studies of computer and calculator use in algebra and calculus courses. Twelve studies focused on this topic. Six of the 12 studies took place in algebra courses. The remaining six studies took place in calculus courses. In each of the studies, experimental group students used computers or graphing calculators while doing coursework, whereas control group students completed their coursework without using such tools. In the typical study, computer and calculator use raised student scores on tests of conceptual understanding a total of 0. 88 standard deviations. This means that students who used computers and graphing calculators while studying algebra and calculus scored 0. 88 standard deviation units higher on conceptual tests than did students in the control group. If control group students scored at the 50th percentile on a conceptual test, scores of students using computers or calculators would be at the 80th percentile or above. Evaluations of educational innovations rarely report average effect sizes this high. 40 Results on computational exams, on the other hand, were strongly influenced by the conditions under which the exams were taken. In studies in which experimental group students were permitted to use computers or calculators on final exams, they outscored control group students by a large amount on computational items. In studies in which neither the experimental group nor the control group was allowed to use computers and calculators on final exams, students in the experimental group performed computations about as well as students who learned in more traditional classes. Overall, these studies suggest that students who used calculators and computer tools when learning algebra and calculus did not suffer in their ability to solve computational problems with paper and pencil alone. Finally, a review of study results did not yield any definite conclusions about the effects of computer and calculator use on student attitudes toward mathematics. In two studies, mathematics attitudes were clearly higher in the experimental groups, but in three other studies, mathematics attitudes were not significantly different in the experimental and control groups. No definite conclusion about computer and calculator effects on attitudes can be drawn from such conflicting results. Studies of computer effects on science learning examined both older and newer instructional approaches. The two older approaches still being evaluated during the 1990s were computer tutoring and computer simulations. The newer approach that was extensively evaluated during the 1990s was computer animation. Reviewed in this report were 7 studies of tutoring, 11 studies of simulations, and 9 studies of animations. The seven studies of tutorial instruction examined two kinds of instructional outcomes: student achievement and student attitudes. Effects of computer tutorials on student achievement were mixed. Four of the six studies of student learning reported significant positive effects of tutoring, and two studies reported trivial effects. The median effect size in the studies was 0. 33. Tutorial effects on attitudes were likewise mixed. One study reported strong positive effects of computer tutoring on student attitudes; one study reported a strong negative effect; and one study reported a nonsignificant positive effect. Eleven studies of computer simulations in science also presented a somewhat mixed picture of effectiveness. In 7 of the 11 studies, effects were large enough to be considered statistically significant and educationally meaningful, but in 2 other studies computer results were nonsignificant and in the remaining 2 studies results were significant and negative. Median effect size in the 11 studies from the past decade was 0. 9. While the most likely outcome of using simulations in teaching was an increase in student test performance, using simulations could also have a negative effect or no effect at all on student test scores. The studies suggest that computer simulations can be valuable tools for teachers, but teachers must use some care in deciding on how to use simulations and which simulations to use. Computer animation is the most recent addition to the science teacher’s toolkit, but this instructional innovation has already compiled a record of strong contributions to science instruction. In each of nine studies of computer animations, the group that viewed the animations outscored the control group, but the effects differed in size from small to large. In seven of the nine studies, the improvement was large enough to be considered educationally meaningful. The remaining two studies reported positive effects of animations, but the effects were not large enough to be considered practically important. The median effect of computer animations in the nine studies was to increase student scores on science tests by 0. 8 standard deviations. As a group, therefore, these studies suggest that animations can help students substantially in their attempts to understand scientific phenomena. Computer searches yielded a total of only seven controlled quantitative evaluations of computer-assisted language learning (CALL), and these studies were extremely varied in focus. 41 Each of the studies examined its own approach to improving language instruction with technology, and so the st udies do not provide a sound basis for conclusions about CALL effects. Several years ago, Miech and his colleagues observed that the area of CALL lacks an agreedupon research agenda (Miech et al. , 1996). Their point seems to be as valid todayas it was when they first made it. Diverse though evaluations of CALL may be, they have yielded enough strong positive results to encourage CALL enthusiasts. In each of seven evaluations, CALL had at least a small positive effect on instructional outcomes, and in five of the seven studies, CALL effects were large enough to be considered educationally meaningful. The median effect of a CALL program in the seven studies was an increase in language test scores of 0. 60 standard deviations. This is a moderate to large improvement in student performance, equivalent to a jump in scores from the 50th to the 73rd percentile. These results suggest that a number of approaches to CALL may have positive results on student learning. Although the various approaches still need in-depth examination, the future of CALL appears to be promising. Overall, computer-based teaching approaches have come a long way during the last four decades. Originally almost a hindrance to learning, computer-based instruction is now an important ingredient in many successful college courses. The growing effectiveness of instructional technology in college programs should not come as a great surprise. Computers have improved dramatically during the last three decades. They are faster, friendlier, and vastly more sophisticated in their operations than they were 35 years ago. In addition, many educators have become sophisticated designers of instructional software, and most college students have become proficient users of computing technology. Recent evaluation studies suggest that instructional technology can thrive in this climate and that computers—which have transformed society in so many ways—are also making college teaching more effective. The Effects of Computer Assisted Instructions in Teaching Learning in Primary Education By Kara Schmidt, eHow Contributor Computer-assisted instruction provides another avenue to academic success. Computer-assisted instruction offers teachers and students another avenue to learn the required academic material. Educational computer programs are available online, at computer stores or through textbook companies. Stick with programs that are user-friendly and hold your students’ attention. Make sure the programs are at the correct grade level. Decide if you want the computer program to supplement your lesson, practice basic skills, or assist in teaching a new concept and make sure it does just that. 1. Student Benefits Computer-assisted instruction provides differentiated lessons for varied levels of learning, including students with disabilities and gifted students. Students are able to work at their own pace while receiving instant feedback which enables them to self correct before moving on to the next skill. If a student answers incorrectly, the computer programs will provide instructions to assist the student in correcting their work. The programs are interactive and students can work individually or in groups. This allows them to compete with their individual scores or the scores of the students within their group. Students also gain valuable computer skills which will continue to benefit them throughout life. 2. Teacher Benefits Teachers are better able to track their students’ strengths and weaknesses through computer-assisted learning. Computer programs can enhance the essons and allow teachers to pick different levels of a program or different programs altogether for students who may be behind or students who are advanced. When students are learning and actively involved with learning, teachers will have less behavior problems in the classroom which in turn sets up a cycle for more learning to take place. Computer-assisted learning benefits teachers by allowing them to work with small groups of children on a particular skill while the other students in the class are working on their computer program. The nature of the program allows the students to work independently; minimizing distraction to the teacher while she works with the other students. Disadvantages Computer programs can evaluate students’ progress on many levels although it is the teacher’s responsibility to make sure students develop critical thinking skills which are essential to solve problems encountered throughout life. Too much time spent learning through computer programs can also reduce time students spend interacting with each other and their teacher. This can result in less time for learning appropriate social skills. Computer-assisted learning can be a great asset to the classroom and curriculum as long as they are not overused. Too much of any mode of teaching can lead to boredom and frustration in the students. Use good judgment and find computer programs that enhance the learning process. Sponsored Links * Bulk Email–Free Trialwww. iContact. com Email marketing to fit your needs. Start a Free 30-Day Trial Today. * Educational Technologywww. met. ubc. ca International Master’s Program 100% Online – Apply Now * The Knowledge Engineerstheknowledgeengineers. om/ Leading digital training company, accelerate your digital knowledge * Search Cebu hotelsAgoda. com/Cebu_Hotels Instant confirmation. Trust Agoda. Save up to 75% Don’t miss out! Related Searches: * Teaching Students * Teaching Career * Computer Technology * Video Teaching * Learning Online Read more:  The Effects of Computer Assisted Instructions in Teaching Learning in Primary Education | eHow. com  http:// www. ehow. com/list_7408273_effects-teaching-learning-primary-education. html#ixzz1qFW4xJoO Brief History of Computers in Education Computers and related technologies are now in most of the schools in all around theworld. Advancements in technology are inevitably reflected in educational systems. In most of the developed countries education has been penetrated by informationtechnologies (IT); schools have computers, a large numbers of teachers usecomputers and new technologies while teaching, and more  over textbooks have someparts devoted to new  technologies. New technologies are integrated into disciplines and more disciplines are beinginfluenced by the new technologies in an integrated way. Most of the educators andresearchers try to use technologies in various subject matters, and this integrationchanges the nature, concepts and methods of work in each subject. For example, inmathematics education, the way of teaching and learning, the roles and functions of  the most concepts have changed with the use of  technology. 19Although the wide-spread interest in computers as an instructional tool did not occuruntil the 1980s, computers were first used in education and training at a much earlierdate. Much of the early work which computers introduced in education was done inthe 1950s by researchers at IBM, who developed the first Computer AssistedInstruction (CAI) author language and designed one of the first CAI programs to beused in public schools. Students followed the commands on the computer screenreceiving rewards for correct answers within the framework of behavioristapproaches. In 1959, PLATO, the first large-scale project for the use of computers ineducation was implemented by Donald Bitier at the University of Illinois (Carter,2003). Atkinson and Suppes’ (1959) work led to some earliest applications of  computers at both the public school and university levels during the 1960s. By theearly 1980s many educators were attracted to microcomputers because they wererelatively inexpensive, compact enough for desktop use, and could perform many of  the functions performed by the large computers that had preceded them. The dominant use of computer-based instruction in the 1980s was typified by theemploy of â€Å"behavioral-based branching† software that based greatly on drill-andpractice to teach programmed content and/or skills. The  educational software that ranon the computers of the early 1980s were at first based on Skinner’s â€Å"methods of  branching†: first separating into small sections, rewarding combined responses, andteaching disconnected facts. Although the learning is passive where learners do notwork together with problems and content, research studies indicate that learner didadvantage from the technology when the learning objectives were behavioral. During the 1990s, computers eventually started to have a major impact oninstructional practices in schools. With the help of advances in technology andlearning, science researchers consider learning with technology as means forconstruction problem-solving skills and for achieving learner independence. Thecognitive approach to instructional technology emphasized â€Å"looking at how we knowrather than how we respond, and analyzing how we plan and strategize our thinking,remembering, understanding, and communicating† (Saettler, 1990, cited inhttp://www. ncrel. org/ tplan/cbtl/toc. htm,  2003). Besides,  students  would  also  tolearn through playing games and simple simulations with the help of cognitive 20school of thought. The worth of using a word processor has been discovered bywriting teachers and almost immediately students were using the advantages of wordprocessor by writing, deleting, formatting and revising with effortlessness. Othersubject matter teachers perceived the importance of the computer in creating a richlearning environment by using databases, spreadsheets, presentation, and researchtools. Since 1995, rapid advances in computer and other digital technology, as wellas the Internet, have led to a rapidly increasing interest in and use of these media forinstructional purposes (Reiser, 2001). Swiftly there was a volume of informationobtainable to students with a network of people all through the world that improvedcommunication and the exchange of thoughts. Additionally, distance educationcourses are offered and in this way students in geographically isolated schools haveextended learning opportunities in a diversity of  subject areas. For example in UnitedNations, Kalu (2006) states â€Å"the proportion of instructional rooms with Internetaccess increased from 51 percent in 1998 to 93 percent in 2003† (p. 3). Theoreticalexplanations could now be demonstrated and manipulated with the help of  technology innovations. A complete innovative learning environment becamepossible. Since the advent of the personal computers in the mid 1980s, computers have rapidlybecome one of the key instructional technologies used in both formal and informaleducation. The computer’s role has changed because of two factors: first, it canprovide rich learning experiences for students and secondly, computer givingstudents the power to manipulate depth and way of their learning. Furthermore,teachers can use the computer as an aid to manage classroom activities; it has amultitude of roles to play in the curriculum which can range from tutor to studenttools. How to cite Effects of Computer Technology as a Teaching Method, Essay examples

Asynchronous Automata Versus Cellular

Question: Discuss about the Asynchronous Automata Versus Cellular. Answer: Introduction ABC-Z limited is a very small start-up company which set up all its business operations in a suburb only on an outskirt of city Melbourne CBD Management. I as a network engineer prepare this report for the business owner to design as well as install the network. In this report, two example of TCP/IP protocol suite is discussed. Secondly, description of two network model FTP and NTP that exists besides the TCP/IP and OSI model protocol suite is given in this report. Thirdly, Star quad cable that is suitable for ABC-Z limited business requirements is discussed. Finally, the connection which is more efficient for ABC-Z limited organization to use the asynchronous connection or a synchronous connection, as well as the speed of transmission line that is essential to maintain either category of connection, is briefly discussed in this report. FTP: FTP is utilized to send and get the document from the remote PC. It is characterized in RFC959. FTP builds up two associations between customer framework and server framework, one for control data and the other for information to be transferred [1]. Therefore ABC-Z limited organization must utilize this protocols which definitely allows them to easily communicate even when they are prepared by diverse manufacturers. Also FTP control data convey summons/reaction. Verification should be done at first by the method for approving username and secret key. When it is done documents can be exchanged between two frameworks. FTP handles both double and content arrangement records. SMTP: On the other hand SMTP is also useful for ABC-Z limited organization as gives a convention to two computer systems management to operate electronic email by utilizing a TCP connection. As such, actually its a convention utilized by several email servers simply to forward different messages above the TCPIP organize. The client PC which normally starts the electronic mail message utilizes protocol SMTP to mail the messages to close by server conveyance. It is characterized in RFC821 and RFC974. On another side, FTP is utilized to transfer or download record amongst customer and server [2]. These TCP/IP convention suites are diverse as examined in the classroom in light of the fact that both these TCP/IP convention suite as the charges from the customer side are sent in a demand message to the web server. The web server sends the asked for content in a reaction message [4]. Network Time Protocol: NTP is a systems government conference for clock synchronization among the different PC frameworks over bunch traded, variable-idleness data systems. The operations before the entire year 1985, the NTP is one of the very veteran Internet conventions in ebb and flow used. NTP is in the pipeline to synchronize each single taking portion PC inside few milliseconds of the Coordinated Universal Time [3]. Likewise it employs the crossing place calculation, a modified form of Marzullo's calculation, to select precise time hosts and is intended to relieve the impacts of variable process inertness. NTP can usually maintain the time to inside several milliseconds over standard society Internet as well as can attain more advanced than one-millisecond complete exactness in a neighborhood below perfect conditions. File Transfer Protocol: FTP is a standard framework tradition used for the trading of PC reports between a client and servers on a PC sort out. FTP depends on a client server show plan and utilizes segregated control and data relationship between the client as well as the server [1].FTP customers may approve themselves with a very unmistakable substance sign-in tradition, normally like a username and watchword, be that as it may, would interface be able to anonymously in case the server is masterminded to allow it. For protected transmission that guarantees the username along with again in like manner used rather; it is mechanically uncommon. I believe that Star quad cable is useful for ABC-Z limited organization as this cable is basically a 4-conductor link in which all four conductors is contorted together around a link pivot [5]. It is some of the time utilized for 2 circuits, for example, 4-wire communication and different broadcast communications applications. Within this setup, each match utilizes two non-adjacent conductors. Different circumstances it is utilized for a solitary, adjusting circuit, for example, sound applications as well as 2-wire communication. In this design, two non-adjoining conductors are ended together at the two finishes of the link, as well as other 2 conductors additionally ended together [5]. Obstruction grabbed by the link touches base as a basically culminate basic mode flag, which is effectively evacuated by coupling transformers. Since the conductors are dependably a similar separation from one another, annoyed-talk is diminished in respect to links with two disconnected curved sets. The consolidated advantages of bending, differential flagging, and quadruple design give exceptional commotion resistance, particularly invaluable for low flag level applications, for example, long amplifier links, notwithstanding when introduced near a power link [6]. The hindrance is this star quad cable, in joining two conductors, commonly has double fold the capacitance of comparative two-conductor contorted and protected sound link. High capacitance causes expanding bending and more prominent loss of elevated frequencies as separation increments. Asynchronous and synchronous connections Synchronous and Asynchronous communication alludes to techniques by which signals are moved in figuring innovation. These signs enable PCs to exchange information between parts inside the PC or between the PC and an outside system. Most moves and operations that make put in PCs are deliberately controlled and happen at particular circumstances and interims. Activities that are measured against a period reference, or a clock flag, are alluded to as synchronous activities. Activities that are incited as a reaction to another flag, ordinarily not represented by a clock flag, are alluded to as no concurrent signals management. Run of the mill cases of synchronous signs incorporate the exchange and recovery of address data inside a PC through the utilization of an address transport [7]. ABC-Z limited organization can use any mode of synchronization as these two approaches to synchronize the two closures of the correspondence. The synchronous flagging techniques utilize 2 unique signs. Pulse on one flag shows when another piece of data is prepared on the other flag. The nonconcurring flagging techniques utilize just 1 flag [8]. The recipient utilizes changes on that flag to make sense of the transmitter bit rate and timing, and set a nearby clock to the best possible planning, commonly utilizing a stage bolted circle to synchronize with the transmission rate. The pulse from the nearby clock demonstrates when another piece is prepared. Evidence selected approach of connection is efficient In synchronous interchanges, the flood of information to be exchanged is encoded as fluctuating voltage levels in one wire, and an occasional beat of voltage on a different wire which tells the recipient the present information bit is "substantial" as of now in time. Asynchronous transmission can likewise be installed in ABC-Z limited organization into a flag on a solitary wire. In NRZ Manchester encoding, each change from a low to high or high to low speaks to an intelligent zero [8]. A legitimate one is shown when there are two advances in a similar time span as a zero. The most widely recognized offbeat flagging uses close steady "piece" timing. Utilizing this, the recipient distinguishes the "main" edge change, at that point holds up 'half piece length' at that point peruses the data bit state [9]. Inside a PC, both no concurrent and synchronous conventions are utilized. Synchronous conventions generally offer the capacity to exchange data quicker per unit time than offbeat conventions. This happens in light of the fact that synchronous signs don't require any additional arrangement as an essential to information trade. Rather, information or data is moved starting with one place then onto the next at moments in time that are measured with ti me as the opponent flag being utilized. Conversely, offbeat conventions are for the most part more adaptable, since every one of the gadgets that need to trade data can do as such at their own regular rate be these quick or moderate. A clock flag is never again important; rather the gadgets that carry on no concurrently sit tight for the handshaking signs to change state, showing that some exchange is going to begin. Common electrical links suffice to convey low recurrence substituting current AC, for example, mains control, which switches bearing 100 to 120 times each second, and sound signs. Be that as it may, they can't be utilized to convey streams in a radio recurrence go or higher, that switch course millions to trillions of times each second, in light of the fact that the vitality has a tendency to transmit off a link just like radio waves, and causing power misfortunes. Radio recurrence streams additionally have a tendency to replicate from some discontinuities in a link, for example, connectors as well as joints, in addition to go down the link toward the resource. These reflections go about as bottlenecks, keeping the flag control from achieving the goal. Transmission lines utilize by ABC-Z limited organization by specific development, as well as impedance coordinating, to convey electromagnetic signs with insignificant reflections and power misfortunes [10]. The recognizing highlight o f several transmission lines and they have consistent cross sectional measurements along with their length, openhanded them standardized impedance, called the trademark impedance, to forestall reflections. Higher recurrence of electromagnetic waves traveling through a given link or medium and shorter wavelengths travels from some other medium. Transmission lines wind up plainly important when the length of the link is longer than a critical part of all transmitted recurrence's wavelength. Input or contribution of impendence of the Transmission Line Trademark impedance Z0 of the transmission streak is the proportion of the adequacy of a solitary voltage wave to a present wave. Since transmission lines likewise have several reflected wave, trademark impedance is for the most part, impedance that is totally measured hanging in the balance [11]. The impedance totally measured at a specified separation, l, from a heap impedance ZL might be communicated as, Where is a spread consistent plus voltage reflection is a coefficient at head end of a transmission line. On the other hand, the above recipe can be adjusted to express info impedance as far as the heap impedance instead of the mound voltage indication coefficient: For the lossless transmission or transferred line, the spread consistent is absolutely fanciful, =j, therefore the beyond equations can be reworked as, Whereis awave number In ascertaining , wavelength is by and large extraordinary within the transmission or transferred line and it might be in a free-space as well as the speed steady of the substance of the transmission steak is usually made of and it should be considered while doing a count. References B. Butscher and W. Heinze, "A file transfer protocol and implementation",ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 2-12, 2013. A. 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MILLIGAN, "Cyclic Behaviour of Autonomous, Synchronous Boolean Networks: Some Theorems and Conjectures",Connection Science, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 143-154, 2014. U. Umirov and J. Park, "Bluetooth Synchronous Connection Oriented Link Usage in Networked Control Systems",Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 731-737, 2012. X. GAO and M. JIN, "Application research of T/TCP protocol in VxWorks",Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 234-237, 2014. G. Pighizzini, "Asynchronous automata versus asynchronous cellular automata",Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 132, no. 1-2, pp. 179-207, 2011.